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The Baiyue, Hundred Yue or Yue were various partly or un-Sinicized peoples who inhabited South China and northern Vietnam between the first millennium BC and the first millennium AD. In the Warring States period, the word "Yue" referred to the State of Yue in Zhejiang. The later kingdoms of Minyue in Fujian and Nanyue in Guangdong are both considered Baiyue states. Although people of Yue had knowledge of agriculture and the technology of shipbuilding, Chinese writers depicted the Yue as barbarians who had tattoos, lived in primitive conditions, and lacked such technology as bows, arrows, horses and chariots. The Yue were assimilated or displaced as Chinese civilization expanded into southern China in the first half of the first millennium AD. Variations of the name are still used in both the name of Vietnam () and the abbreviation for Guangdong (). == Name == The modern term "Yue" (; Zhuang: ''Vot''; Early Middle Chinese: ''Wuat'') comes from Old Chinese '' *wjat''.〔OC pronunciation from These characters are both given as ''gjwat'' in ''Grammata Serica Recensa'' 303e and 305a.〕 It was first written using the pictograph "戉" for an axe (a homophone), in oracle bone and bronze inscriptions of the late Shang dynasty ( BC), and later as "越". At that time it referred to a people or chieftain to the northwest of the Shang.〔 In the early 8th century BC, a tribe on the middle Yangtze were called the ''Yángyuè'', a term later used for peoples further south.〔 Between the 7th and 4th centuries BC "Yue" referred to the State of Yue in the lower Yangtze basin and its people.〔〔 The term "Baiyue" first appears in the book ''Lüshi Chunqiu'' compiled around 239 BC.〔''The Annals of Lü Buwei'', translated by John Knoblock and Jeffrey Riegel, Stanford University Press (2000), p. 510. ISBN 978-0-8047-3354-0. "For the most part, there are no rulers to the south of the Yang and Han Rivers, in the confederation of the Hundred Yue tribes."〕 It was used as a collective term for the non-Chinese populations of south and southwest China and northern Vietnam.〔 Ancient texts mention a number of Yue states or groups. Most of these names survived into early imperial times: In ancient China, the characters and (both ''yuè'' in pinyin) were used interchangeably, but they are differentiated in modern Chinese: * The character "越" refers to the original territory of the Yue Kingdom, based in present-day northern Zhejiang Province, especially the areas around Shaoxing and Ningbo. The opera of Zhejiang, for example, is called "Yue Opera". It is also used to write Vietnam, a word adapted from ''Nányuè'' (Vietnamese: ''Nam Việt'' * The character "粵" is associated with the southern province of Guangdong. Both the regional dialects of Yue Chinese and the standard form, popularly called "Cantonese", are spoken in Guangdong, Guangxi, Hong Kong, Macau and in many Cantonese communities around the world. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Baiyue」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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